Understanding Low Prealbumin Levels
Prealbumin, also known as transthyretin, is a protein produced by the liver that plays a crucial role in transporting thyroid hormones and vitamin A in the bloodstream.
A prealbumin level below 2.4 mg/dL can indicate several underlying health issues.
Causes of Low Prealbumin Levels
- Malnutrition: One of the most common causes of low prealbumin levels is malnutrition. This can occur due to inadequate dietary intake of protein and calories, which is particularly concerning in individuals with eating disorders or those who are critically ill.
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Chronic Illness: Conditions such as chronic infections, liver disease, and inflammatory diseases can lead to decreased production of prealbumin. In critically ill patients, low prealbumin levels are often associated with poor nutritional status and can indicate a higher severity of illness.
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Increased Loss: Prealbumin can also be lost through the kidneys (as seen in nephrotic syndrome), gastrointestinal tract (due to conditions like Crohn's disease), or through skin wounds.
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Increased Catabolism: In states of stress, such as severe infections or trauma, the body may break down proteins more rapidly, leading to lower prealbumin levels.
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Other Factors: Conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers have also been linked to low prealbumin levels, indicating a potential risk for adverse outcomes.
Implications of Low Prealbumin Levels
Low prealbumin levels can serve as a marker for nutritional evaluation and may predict patient outcomes, especially in hospitalized or critically ill patients. If levels remain low despite nutritional interventions, it may indicate a poor prognosis and the need for more aggressive nutritional support.